The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Realized the image problem. They created a strong central government. The league could win only 44% of total Muslim votes. If Muslims around India all voted for the Muslim League then this indeed would happen. It lacked membership and official setup at lower levels in major cities, towns, and villages. Jinnah had been a non-entity in the Punjab until the passage of the Pakistan Resolution in 1940.Amarjit Singh concludes that the Punjab Muslim League experienced the severest setback . shifted from aristocrats and princes to true leaders of the people. The 1937 elections did not go too well for the All-India Muslim League at all. [6], The party's election platform had downplayed communalism and Nehru continued this attitude with the initiation of the March 1937 Muslim mass contact program. It won 90% Muslim seats at the center and 100% Muslim seats in the provinces. 4 they were not organised, Gandhi had make problem between muslim and hindus. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The Congress won the election in 1937 by targeting the newly enfranchised voters who included sections of the industrial working class and sections of the peasantry, including some of the dalits. The general election of 1946 was a litmus test to gauge the political divide in India. culture. In the Indian provincial elections of 1946, the Muslim League won 425 out of 476 seats reserved for Muslims (and about 89.2% of Muslim votes) on a policy of creating the independent state of Pakistan, and with an implied threat of secession if this was not granted. Another reason cited by pro-league circles was the poverty and illiteracy among Muslims as dominant phenomena. The reasons This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. [3][4] They were dominated by the Congress and were unable to show support due to fear. seats. The 1937 election was the first in which large masses of Indians were eligible to participate. The anti-Muslim policies of Congress created a sense of insecurity among Indian Muslims. Out of all Provinces, the result of the Assam Province remained a bone of contention between the Congress and the League, as the situation here was unclear with no party having a clear majority. Fertile land in the river valleys forced the Chinese people to farm instead of developing other skills. Good one helped a lot but more details on the reason of failure of 1937 elections could be added. 0000003778 00000 n emergence f muslim league as a dominant political party, stance description in the cabinet mission plan, then show up of reserved nature in direct action day, and the over growing pressure on british government for independence as Muslims could not be ignored now that they were so significant in . Through this he expected to advance the party as a coalition partner for the Congress which they might need to form provincial governments. The Indian National Congress emerged in power in seven of the provinces, Bombay, Madras, the Central Provinces, the United Provinces, the North-West Frontier Province, Bihar, and Orissa. ML also had gained experience in the by-elections and the party now knew how to contest elections. THE MUSLIM LEAGUE IN THE UP, 1937-1939 605 the Congress party's momentous attempts to attract Muslims into the nationalist movement through its own Muslim Mass Contact Programme (MMCP). All rights reserved: No part of this site may be copied, printed or reproduced in any form. In the 1937 Elections, the Muslim League had won only 108 out of 484 Muslim seats. The 1946 election resulted in Republicans picking up 55 seats to win majority control. Many of its members were seen as aristocrats, princes or landlords whereas many muslims at that time were poor and illiterate. [7], The 1937 elections demonstrated that neither the Muslim League nor the Congress represented Muslims. Most of the Muslim seats were won by regional Muslim parties. How successful was the Muslim League in the 1937 elections? The muslims didnot realize that the hindus would dominate them. 0000006996 00000 n I am a social activist and educationist. Your email address will not be published. Hence, they supported Congress in the elections for simple reasons of its pro-people and secular outlook. how to contest elections. 0000009488 00000 n Even in the Muslim-majority provinces of the Punjab, the North-West Frontier Province, Bengal and Sindh the League was trounced by rival Muslim parties. The Muslim League captured around 25 percent of the seats reserved for Muslims. The Congress formed governments in United provinces, Bihar, the Central Provinces, Bombay and Madras. How successful was the Muslim league in the 1937 elections? But the elections demonstrated that of the 482 Muslim seats the Congress had contested just 58 of them and won only 26 of those. company ? 3. Provincial elections were held in British India in the winter of 1936-37 as mandated by the Government of India Act 1935. Now, as part of the preparation of 1937 elections, British government had provided voting rights to almost 30 Million people. All India Muslim League (AIML) was able to win only 108 seats out of 482 Muslim seats. Muslim league lacked support at ground . [26] Antagonised by this rebuff the League stepped up its efforts to attract a popular following. came into existence in 1943 0000003717 00000 n Muslim . Muslims were forbidden to eat beef and received harsh punishments if they slaughtered cows. Finland: 8 August 1937 www.ricrocket.weebly.com Elections Of 1937 Q: How successful was the Muslim League in 1937 elections? They thought Muslim businessmen, landlords, and religious clerics wanted to reinforce their position in the name of Muslims. [22], In three additional provinces, Central Provinces, Bihar, and Orissa, the Congress won clear majorities. Viceroy Linlithgow could only offer to form a 'consultative committee' for advisory functions. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The reasons behind this success were that Quaid-i-Azam had organized the party from the grass roots. , nd becomes more powerful under an absolute monarchy USA: 17 January 1937 Party branches increased after the 1937 elections, by mid 1938 membership numbers had increased dramatically. The first paragraph will contain the reasons that why did the ML perform badly in 1937 elections and the second paragraph will contain the reasons for their good performance in the elections of 1945! 0000009509 00000 n Their identity, culture, rights, and interests would be in danger. These were some of the main reasons behind support to Congress from Muslims and the failure of the All India Muslim League. 0000010198 00000 n Congress was able to win 9 seats in the whole of India. Approximately 30 million people, among them some women, gained voting rights. The reasons behind this success were that Quaid-i-Azam had organized the party from the grass roots. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. 2 no aims and objectives were there The following factors contributed to the All India Muslim League's electoral defeat : This site is using cookies under cookie policy . But Muslim League, which stood for separate electorates, was unfortunately divided in several factions owing to personal and ideological differences. Who is the person to have laid the foundation of research was he right?give reasin, What was a characteristic of the rulers of the Zhou dynasty? [10], In Madras, the Congress won 74% of all seats, eclipsing the incumbent Justice Party (21 seats). While this position had a good basis it proved to be a mistake. The election in the Punjab was to be held in February 1946. elections, it was not too bad a result as they ranked second out of What were the reasons behind the difference in the performance of the Muslim League in the 1937 and 1946 elections? Pakistan Resolution proved a uniting force for the Muslims who were now 2008 or 2009 passout for applying to IT companies? The Muslim League captured around 25 percent of the seats reserved for Muslims. What are the reasons responsible for the failure of the All India Muslim League in the 1937 provincial elections? It was the first major election the League had fought and helped unify the party after the internal split of the early 1930s. It is not one's own choice. It won 54 out of 64 Muslim seats in the United Provinces and 34 of Bihar's 40 Muslim seats. ELECTIONS OF 1945 - 1946. The Congress Working Committee suggested that it would cooperate if a central Indian national government were formed and a commitment were made to India's independence after the war. Which institute is best for bank classes either Merit on >League learnt from 1937 elections and thus improved planning, organization and campaigned efficiently. Muslim league was confronted with the fact that Hindu majority provinces would be ruled by Hindus but Muslim league would not rule the largest provinces with Muslim majorities: Bengal and Punjab. [14] Though 34 seats were reserved for Muslims, the Muslim League could secure none of them. It couldn't form government in any of the . The party only managed to win two seats from the Muslim majority province of Punjab. 0000004546 00000 n Muslim league lacked support at ground level as it was not so much popular at that time among locals even Muslims. The policy and the programme that you are called upon to formulate and lay down involves the fate . 1, 13, 149, 1937, Dark Journey - 1937 was released on: [29] The Muslim League promised its support to the British,[30] with Jinnah calling on Muslims to help the Empire by "honourable co-operation" at the "critical and difficult juncture," while asking the Viceroy for increased protection for Muslims. It performed a little better in Bengal, capturing 39 of the 117 seats for Muslims, but could not form a government. The All India Muslim League was founded at Dhaka in British . The Congress domination over the government made the prospects of federal Muslim politicians appear dismal. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Elections of 1937. 4. The 1937 elections demonstrated that neither the Muslim League nor the Congress represented Muslims. The released Congress leaders anticipated the restoration of elections. It was a referendum for the Muslims to be a separate nation; it had to confirm the existence of two separate nations in India. Thus more Muslims knew of the league. [15], The UP legislature consisted of a Legislative Council of 52 elected and 6 or 8 nominated members and a Legislative Assembly of 228 elected members: some from exclusive Muslim constituencies, some from "General" constituencies, and some "Special" constituencies. In 1945 the British colonial government in India called for elections for the national and legislative assemblies. When Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah had returned from England in 1934-35, the Muslim League was almost dead and Muslims in India as a community lacked cohesion, direction, and objective, a leader and a platform. Powered by. D. The English Bill of Rights is created. 0000007662 00000 n Apart from that, Muslim League had the view that it alone had the right to contact with the Muslims and take care of them. 0000002112 00000 n It enjoyed huge membership and support at the grassroots level. Both Viceroy Linlithgow and Muhammad Ali Jinnah were pleased with the resignations. Denmark: 11 October 1937 0000008064 00000 n The All India Muslim League, . cause of the Muslims, but the election results were a great disappointment for the Muslims League. Now they could not trust the congress and its leaders claim to represent all Indians. Abstract. The students, organized under the All India Muslim Students Federation (AIMSF) had been the most formidable pressure group in League?s favour since 1937. However, as it was their first time participating in any major M.A. The 1940s were a turning point for the All India Muslim League. Muslim league at that time lacked strong leadership as their greatest leaders were not there to support them, such as Quaid e Azam (disheartened by Muslim's behaviour) and Allama Iqbal (who was seriously ill) 2. The 1937 elections demonstrated that neither the Muslim League nor the . It must be noted that the League had started its reorganization in 1935 and it did not have substantial support of Punjab, Bengal, Sind and the N.W.F.P. An estimated 30.1 million persons, including 4.25 million women, had acquired the right to vote (14% of the total population), and 15.5 million of these, including 917,000 women, actually did exercise their franchise. The league managed to win only 109 Muslim seats out of 482 seats. The 1937 elections demonstrated that neither the Muslim League nor the Congress represented Muslims. . UK: 28 March 1937 (London) (premiere) On the other hand, they considered congress as a part of the common people. Failure of Muslim League in 1937 Election. 0000004567 00000 n The All-India Muslim League failed to form the government in any province. However, Ayesha Jalal argues that this was because of a change of allegiance at the top (Muslim landlords deciding to support the League instead of the disorganised National Agriculturalist Party) rather than popular support within the province. In 1937, the league was not a popular and organized party. What were the reasons for the failure of Khilafat movement? corresponds. She also reminds us that this power of Congress was then well-placed to pose a threat to the power of Muslim-majority provinces, who might then look for a leader at the centre to challenge Congress. Being well organized and a widespread party the congress was able to run an effective election campaign and to win both Muslims and Hindu votes. It also demonstrated the provincial moorings of Muslim politics. Your email address will not be published. For they did not allow Muslims to know about the purpose of the formation of the league. Why do Muslims celebrate deliverance day? Change). [18], The Congress refused the League's offer in the UP to form a coalition. a part from this in 1937 elections another major factor became reason of failure was Lack of clear manifesto of AIML and even that was not communicated to he Muslim masses living in the rural areas. As high as 36 seats, more than one third of the total, were bagged from Bengal alone. 0000001088 00000 n Jinnah (who returned to India in 1935) began a series of personal appearances, rallies and interviews. Presidants/PrimeMinisters: Under Progress. Required fields are marked *. 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The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. in? 0000010120 00000 n [25] Regional parties kept the League out of power in those provinces with Muslim majorities while in the Hindu majority provinces it was unwanted by the Congress. In 1941, when the Muslim League took back its support from the KPP, the Congress & Hindu Mahasabha formed a coalition with Huq. The Indian National Congress emerged in power in all the provinces except for three - Bengal, Punjab, and Sindh. I am a social activist and educationist. The chief ministers of Punjab These elections were the first major elections to be contested by All India Muslim League yherefore the League didnot perform well in these elections. The League played an important role during the 1940s in the Indian independence movement. numerologist that you can know about your past and present The Congress won 758 out of around 1500 seats in a resounding victory, and went on to form seven provincial governments. Only 109 of the 482 seats set aside for Muslims were secured by the League. The extent of the League's success in Muslim constituencies in 1945-6 can be gauged from the fact that it won 76 per cent of the total Muslim vote in India- a very far cry indeed from the 4.8 per cent it had obtained in 1937! majority in 5 provinces and was the largest single party in 4 shouldn't the two elections be compared side by side? C. Parliament is given more rights and powers to rule England MA Jinnah had been a nonentity in the Punjab until the passage of the Pakistan Resolution in 1940. The All India Muslim League, also abbreviated as AIML, was a political party formed in British India. The Government of India Act 1935 increased the number of enfranchised people. In the United Provinces, where it had contested for 35 of the 66 seats reserved for Muslims, the League won 29 seats. 4.There was mismangement among the party, as they lacked strong insight of a leader causing them to drift aimlessly. Copyright Policy | Image of the party was restored when leadership shifted from aristocrats and princes to true leaders of the people.The Congress rule from 1937-39 was also a nightmare for the Muslims facing religious restrictions and threat to their culture. Site Map | Only two nominees of the Muslim League succeeded in the elections of 1937. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The Krishak Praja Party of Prime Minister A. K. Fazlul Huq, with 36 seats, formed a coalition government with the support of the Muslim League. In what country do people pride themselves on enhancing their imagery keeping others waiting? On the other hand, the Congress was much organized, well-structured, and widespread political party. This number constituted one-sixth of Indian adults. It couldn & # x27 ; s 40 Muslim seats the Congress represented.! Used to store the user consent for the cookies in the 1937 election was the largest single party 4... The by-elections and the party now knew how to contest elections separate electorates, was a political formed... October 1937 0000008064 00000 n Jinnah ( who returned to India in ). 40 Muslim seats at the grassroots level were pleased with the resignations Ali... National and legislative assemblies 482 Muslim seats out of 484 Muslim seats in the 1937 elections demonstrated that the... The preparation of 1937 Q: how successful was the first major election the League won 29.. 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What are the reasons this cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent plugin,... What are the reasons for the failure of the people of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source etc... The anti-Muslim policies of Congress created a sense of insecurity among Indian Muslims pro-league circles was the first which. Position had a good basis it proved to be a mistake regional Muslim parties force for cookies. Www.Ricrocket.Weebly.Com elections of 1937 elections the river valleys forced the Chinese people to farm instead of other... Elections did not allow Muslims to know about the purpose of the Muslim League could only. Two elections be compared side by side as a coalition partner for the cookies in the whole India! Source, etc, Gandhi had make problem between Muslim and hindus was mismangement among party...